Safety on Public Transportation

One of the major features of any developed society is mass mobility. In order for man to fulfill his obligation put food on his table, man has to move around. Thus mobility is an essential aspect of human life. Man has to move from one destination to another. Elementary Science has described this as a natural feature of human beings. Over the years, the growth of technology as made for variables when it comes to human transportation. One of such means of transportation is public transportation. Although transportation is a necessity to most people in America, it will be alarming to note that Americans spend more trying to meet up with their daily needs. Compared to other countries in the world, an average American spends more to move around. As part of the government’s efforts to ensure a better standard of living for the citizen, the public transport system is an initiative of the government tailored towards reduction of the price incurred on transportation by Americans. Therefore, Americans now have a choice which provides a greater freedom. However, as commendable as this initiative is, Public Transportation has its good and bad sides. There are some dangers that one is open to when one takes a public transport. To begin with, the security and privacy one enjoys when one is moving around in one’s private car is better than when we are moving around in public transport. Statistics have shown that people moving around in public transportation are susceptible to insecurity than those transporting privately. On the issue of crime in public transportation, the police department and other organizations have given tips on how to avoid crime in public transportation. For all I care, the next person to you might be a serial killer or the lousy old woman might actually be planning to steal your wallet. At this point, one will be unfair not to admit that public transportation has had a lot of positive impact on the pockets of Americans. With the insistent rise in the prices of gasoline in America, public transportation has being a good alternative for the people of America. At least it has helped save more money that should have been used in the purchase of gasoline. It is also effective and reliable. The next time you are about to meet an appointment and you want to go by public transportation, make sure you have it at the back of your mind that although some dollars will be saved, there is the risk of falling a victim. Therefore, be vigilant and alert!

Promotion Strategy Used by Sony to Promote Vaio C Series Essay

VAIO C Series uses advertising to communicate to consumers. In addition, it classifies its segmentation to communicate directly with each ages or lifestyles of consumers. Message on advertising must classify to depend on target group because they are different such as teenager or young. Those target groups want notebook to reflect to their lifestyles. Using message to make recognition about functional, smart, cool, and modern is available for teenage or young. As well, the obvious promotional strategy is taken an emotional advertising instead of representing performances. Now, VAIO C Series is entering to a stage of an emotional benefit. Representing only an advance technology is not enough, VAIO C Series uses the emotional advertising to make consumer feeling accompany with VAIO C Series. An emotional aspect is made consumer to be proud when they use VAIO C Series and feel required to possess it. For example of VAIO C Series advertising campaign, â€Å"Show It with Your VAIO† this advertising emphasizes feeling and pride to possess and use VAIO C Series. Sales Promotion Sony has promoted its product through different sale promotional strategies. For example, distributing a premium product is a standard promotion. The premium product is accessories that are case & pouch, mouse, docking station, and micro vault. These premiums supported absolutely VAIO C Series users to enhance when using it. Furthermore, VAIO C Series uses the sale promotion of price-off especially in Commart X’Gen Thailand or Sony Day Let’s Cheer that consumer can buy VAIO C Series for the special price. For example, VAIO C Series discount 2000 Baths and pay by installments zero percent within a year. Public relation Sony VAIO C Series has advantages of public relationship from the corporate brand to take the good brand image. The Sony Group recognizes that its businesses have direct and indirect impact on the communities in which it operates. Sponsorship Sony is an active sponsor. Sony understands that sponsorship is its responsibility to assist like-minded organizations to help them achieve their goals. For example of sponsorship, Sony supports the InSIGHT Out project, Sony Thai support Showroom TV Program, and Sony Thai supported the 36th Charity Bazaar. Direct Marketing On the other hand, SONY also used direct selling strategy for their promotion. They provide an interactive customer website for visitor who wishes to get more information about VAIO C Series to select and preview the colours for the SONY VAIO C Series. SONY also uses e-mail to acknowledge their customer about their latest product and updates. Personal selling In VAIO store, the sale force makes the good relationship and will communicate well to costumer when they want to know more information. SONY has training the sale force to communicate VAIO C Series information both its product and entertainment from VAIO C Series. They must have the technology knowledge to relate with product to teach consumer. Personal selling has every VAIO C Series dealers that is a force promotion in highly competitors.

World Civilization I Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Civilization I - Coursework Example The success of his law codification can be estimated from the fact that several nearby civilizations created similar codes of law including the Laws of Eshnunna and the Hittite code of laws. Neolithic agricultural economy reveals increasing intent and ability of humans to manipulate the natural world to their advantage in a variety of ways. During the early 7th millennium BC, the Aegean area saw a transition from the practice of food-gathering to the practice of organized food production as humans started domesticating animals and plants rather than hunting wild animals and gathering wild fruit. Humans used natural resources to make innovative things to serve their needs and interests. The rise of the city led to a more hierarchical society in early Mesopotamia because such a structure is a prerequisite for the establishment of an organized and structured system of law codification and implementation. In such a hierarchical structure, the King and his family were placed at the top; in the middle were the traders and workers; and at the lowest level were the

Risk assessment for a de novo company in a developing country Essay

Risk assessment for a de novo company in a developing country - Essay Example This report stresses that auto parts are a two-edged sword in China. The world auto parts industry has discovered that, for those parts that have a medium- to high labor cost component, China is an endless supply of inexperienced and relatively skilled labor that can produce their parts. If our joint venture establishes itself, there may be several competitors who follow in quickly behind us. There are no barriers to entry. Franchise value would allow our company to charge a premium over generic auto parts suppliers for the perceived quality of our products. This is our guarantee that foreign and domestic Chinese automobile manufacturers would like to use our product in preference to a commodity-type supplier. There is a danger of copying in China, which is greater than other parts of the world. As in developing countries such as India, copyright laws and enforcement are relatively weak. If an erstwhile competitor would like to copy our product, and even put our name on that product, it may take some time before we would be successful in closing down that company’s copycat products. This paper makes a conclusion that the audit function is not simply an â€Å"after-the-fact† exercise. The company needs to put policies and procedures in place which conform to SEC disclosure rules and US laws about foreign practices. The Board should create a separate China subcommittee, and review on a regular (perhaps quarterly) basis the conformance to these requirements. In addition, the outside auditing firm can recommend additional ‘safety’ measures to insure that the JV complies.

Questions for thought Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions for thought - Assignment Example It defines the kind of content that should not appear in the messages and the rights of the recipients. However, these laws have only been partially effective. As such, users have resorted to alternative means of preventing spams with an example being the use of the anti-spamming techniques embedded in products and software. In the current business setting, it is common to find enterprises allowing their employees to use their personal devices in their places of work to carry out work related duties. This practice, however, raises two major concerns, which include the privacy of information and misuse of company data. In order to ensure that the practice benefits the company rather than having detrimental effects, there is a need to have standards of practice in place. These will define the kind of device that can be used, how they are to be used and who can use it (Heary and Woland 56). In addition to this, employees should have specific credentials that allow them to access information. Finally it is imperative to ensure that the devices are only used to access information and not for storage purpose. This will prevent the material from reaching the wrong hand should the devices get lost. Cloud computing is a technique whereby by a group of remote servers and networks are used to facilitate storage of data in a central location. The data can then be accessed online by the company using the services (Voorsluys, Broberg and Buyya 23). This technology allows an organization to use computer systems as a utility rather than building their own infrastructure. It has been incorporated in several business practices, with the outcome being that it has freed the IT team from the duty of building or maintaining a computing infrastructure for the company. In addition to this, it has allowed the end users to spin up the existing computing resources without requiring the intervention of the IT

The obesity lawsuit against Mcdonalds was benefical because it was a Case Study

The obesity lawsuit against Mcdonalds was benefical because it was a catalyst in improving laws that govern the fast food industry - Case Study Example The case was filed in the New York Court, in the year 2005, which stated, inter alia, that as a result of prolonged and heavy consumption of McDonalds’ food products, at the Bronx outlet of the McDonalds, two teenagers, by names of Ashley Pelman and Jazlyn Bradley contracted severe obesity, resulting a series of distress causing health problems. Their contention was that MacDonalds’ has misled them to believe that their products were entirely safe for consumption. (Colb 2005). Their original complaint was refused on 22/1/2003, by the US District Justice Robert Sweet, citing lack of specific reasons in substantiation of their claims. However, he asked them to modify the application, citing that consumption of McDonald’s products could produce health hazards that could not be known to the consumers during the ordinary course of using their products. However, the teenagers had cited that McDonald’s had failed to provide adequate knowledge about the composition of its various food products, and have assured consumers about the total safety of their products by means of false propaganda, and brilliantly executed, yet untrue advertisements. Thus, they had succeeded in luring young people into having food products, which could prove detrimental to the health of the young consumers, as was rightly proved in the cases of the two teenagers, Ashley and Jazlyn. Although the defendants were acquitted of the charges at the subsequent hearings, fundamentally, on the grounds that the plaintiffs could not conclusively prove, that the health hazards arouse due only to consumption of McDonald products.

Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Climate Change - Essay Example Higher temperatures would have a marked result on energy command. No doubt, Space heating needs would reduce considerably, though an increased demand for air conditioning may entail superior electricity use. Warmer winters would award a few benefits for construction output. A reduction in the frequency, harshness and duration of winter freeze could also be helpful to the transport sector. If we analyze then we come to know that climate change has potential risks for the UK. It is predictable that by 2050 the average temperature will have increased by at least 1.5C.these higher temperatures, would reduce the water holding ability of soils, which in turn would have a major consequence on the types of crops, trees or other plants that our soils can support. Numerous native species plus communities would be adversely affected and may finally be lost to the UK. It is also likely that there would be an increased attack and spread of alien weeds, pests, illness and illness, some of which may be potentially damaging. No doubt, a prediction method is specified for a first- plus second-order nonstationary spatio-temporal procedure. The predictor uses local data only and consists of a two-stage generalized weakening approximation of the local float at the prediction location added to a kriging prediction of the remaining procedure at that location. If we analyze then we come to know that this predictor is applied to comments on seasonal, rainfall-deposited sulfate over the conterminous United States among summer 1986 and summer 1992. Analyses propose that predictions and predictable prediction standard mistake have insignificant to small biases, there is spatially heterogeneous chronological drift, and temporal covariance is insignificant. According to the expert analysis the prediction method presented here is an addition of moving-window regression remaining kriging (MWRRK) (Haas 1990a, 1990b, 1992) plus consists of two-stage regression performed on observations local to the prediction location in space and time followed by a kriging prediction of the remaining. Moreover, this prediction technique is referred to moving-cylinder spatio-temporal kriging (MCSTK). Global warming in UK and Europe No doubt, temperatures have been rising by as much as 0.1[degrees]C per decade in regions where minute island states are situated (Nurse et al. 2001). Increases in outside air temperatures have been superior to global rates of warming in areas such as the Pacific Ocean as well as the Caribbean Sea. Based on data from 34 stations in the Pacific from regarding 160[degrees] east and typically south of the equator, outside air temperatures increased by 0.3-0.8[degrees]C throughout the 20th century (Nurse et al. 2001). Globally, average sea height rose among 0.1 and 0.2 m through the 20th century. Based on tide gauge data, the speed of global mean sea-level rise was in the variety of 1.0-2.0 mm/year compared by means of an average rate of concerning 0.1-0.2 mm/year over the last 3,000 years (Nicholls as well as Leatherman 1996). It is hard to establish the degree of sea-level modify for

Relationship among Economic Growth, Inflation and Stock Market Dissertation

Relationship among Economic Growth, Inflation and Stock Market Return-----Empirical analysis on UK - Dissertation Example The information aids in investment and capital budgeting decisions. The stock returns significantly interact with other economic determinants or macroeconomic variables. Major determinants include interest rates, inflation, and the country’s GDP. According to Franc and Young: â€Å"A positive relationship between stock prices and exchange rates with direction of causation running from exchange rates to stock prices can be explained as follows: a domestic currency depreciation makes local firms more competitive, leading to an increase in their exports† (Franck and Young, 1972). The macroeconomic environment is in a constant state of change. Inflation and economic growth are the two key elements that influence contemporary macroeconomic performance. Variables which served as tremendous indicators or assessment tools yesterday can mean nothing today. So many factors die and are born, economists must first commit to keep up with changes of the times. The market capitalizati on provides a current outlook of where the agency is financially in the market. â€Å"Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying a company's shares outstanding by the current market price of one share. The investment community uses this figure to determine a company's size, as opposed to sales or total asset figures† (Value Click, 2013). Macroeconomic potential outputs cannot consider unforeseen determinants including the environment or supply and demand. However, the variables serve as an outline at best, comparing the actual from the potential. Multiple regression uses independent variables to calculate values for one variable. The interpretations of the data serve four major purposes (Thomas, 2006): recognize the components of a changing landscape, expose the needs imposed by the change, and empower to adapt to the changes in the market. A regression analysis of market rates with determinants as the variables measure the impact of the determinants on the UK exchang e rates over time. Stock market return rates over time are a reflection of the mentality of the government, investors and the commonwealth of a country. Any indicators, variables or determinants of exchange rate movements can be linked to at least one, if not all three of these groups. Exchange rate volatility is expensive because fluctuations suggest instability. It suggests impending inflation or a rise in interest rates. Whether either of the events will actually happen does not matter. Just thinking they will is sufficient to stop investors from investing and consumers to stop spending. Inflation, interest rates and the financial health of a country are the output of the thinking processes of its people. These three determinants, with a focus on the stock market of the United Kingdom (UK), will be the focus of this study. Price stability also has a prominent effect on economic growth, thus influencing exchange rates. Economists generally accept that there is a positive relations hip between the stock market and economic growth. Therefore, the discussion on the relationship of the stock market return, economic growth and inflation is of high significance both for practice and development. Many economists have used basic economic theories, and conducted empirical study on their relationships. For the purposes of this study, the stock market data from the United Kingdom

Case essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case - Essay Example Jill deciding not to take this particular job causes her to be fired from the contract without the terms and conditions of the contract being fulfilled over the five year period. The actions taken by the firm break specific laws and carry elements of proof in regards to the lack of creating the correct approach to the job fulfillment specifications. The laws based on job descriptions and legal requirements is based on the necessity of listing any and all duties which are expected to be fulfilled by the employee before hiring the individual. This has to be specified with a contractual agreement that is filled by both the employee and employer. When Jill was asked to not take part in the escort service, she then proceeded to take the problem to a legal entity, specifically because the service was one which is not considered legal. The whistle blowing action which Jill took part in furthered the problem. According to current movements against discrimination, one cannot be unlawfully terminated for whistle blowing against problems within the workspace or from complaints over potentially illegal activities which are in the workspace. If one decides to freely participate in acts that are considered illegal then any firing process is considered discriminatory and is not lawful. There are two areas which Jill has the right to file against in this specific case. The first is based on the written employee agreement. This has blanket statements based on the claim of allowing each individual to have the right to fair and equal treatment while expressing and acting upon any religious or personal beliefs. If the job description is not one which claims the escort services and if Jill opposes this religiously and legally, then it is her right to act upon this within her own manner while being protected by the law. If this was stated in the contract than Jill remains protected from being fired. The second area which

Poverty should be defined in multi-dimensional terms. Define, using Essay

Poverty should be defined in multi-dimensional terms. Define, using examples from your wider reading - Essay Example Conversely, there have been cases of poverty reduction is certain developing countries for example, Ghana, Bolivia, Cambodia and Tanzania. This is impressive though, the fight against poverty is real and it will take the collaboration of the people, governments and international organizations to win it. Poverty has been largely understood in terms of income until recently. Being poor meant that an individual could merely provide a proper diet at home. However, poverty is way more than a shortfall of income or food availability. It is more about the denial of choices and opportunities that are necessary for one to lead a decent, health and long life with self- esteem, respect and dignity. People simply live in campsites, slums and in poor living conditions because they have no other choice. Nearly half of the world’s population is faced by problems such as possessing few skills to compete in the market, multiple health problems and little or no income at all. There are many asp ects of poverty that are inter- linked resulting to a vicious cycle (Bhalla 2002:79). In other words, poverty is a multi- dimensional concept and some of its facets include: i. Mismanagement of Resources The world is endowed with numerous resources in the form of minerals, oil, and a massive work force among many others (Chen and Ravallion, 2008:56). In most incidences, resources are poorly managed leading to wastages and this contributes to increasing poverty levels. This is common to developing countries such as South Sudan where there are constant fights over resources. It also entails the unequal distribution of resources among different regions that contributes high poverty level. ii. Food Mismanagement and Insecurity Food is a key need for human survival and if not properly managed it could lead to hunger among the population (Ivanic and Martin, 2008). Food security is paramount for the growth and development of an economy since it ensures that there is a constant supply even during dry spells. Food insecurity is common in most developing countries owing to fluctuations in weather patterns and lack of appropriate storage mechanisms. iii. Poor Health Disease and disability may hinder individuals from working thereby limiting their income. If the bread winner is ill, it means that the entire family will be negatively affected. This not only translates to loss of income and an increase in costs due to the need for health care. Other causes of poverty include: war and insecurity, the spread of HIV/AIDS, poor infrastructural and institutional development and corruption (Department for International Development (DfID, 2009). This paper analyses poverty as a multi- faceted concept with regards to mismanagement of food and resources. It further looks at the perspective of poverty by organizations like the UN and World Bank. It also gives an in depth analysis of the progress made by countries towards the achievement of the MDGs. Finally, the paper examines some o f the indicators of poverty levels including different countries’ GDP and the human development index (HDI) Poverty from Mismanagement of Food and Security Thousands of people die every day of hunger- related causes according to recent reports. Regrettably, it is children who die most frequently yet there is an abundant supply of food for the world’

Coketown described by Charles Dickens - Criticism Essay Example for Free

Coketown described by Charles Dickens Criticism Essay This passage has come across a monotonous and dull town surrounded by industrialization. There is no colour, no aesthetic beauty but just buildings and factories that are an eyesore to the whole town. This town was once a nice place and it was a town of red brick but because of all the smoke, dust and dirt it has now all changed to black brick. There is no life left in the inhabitants of the town. They are just servers to the town and they arent even considered the characters of the passage. They are dehumanized and instead the buildings are the characters that take over. The buildings seem to literally take over the human qualities and are given priority and superiority to the people. There is no change or difference between one building and another. The Jail might have been the infirmary; the infirmary might have been the jail. There is a sense of sameness and uniformity. Other people get life out of what Coketown sacrifices. The people of this town are stuck with this lifestyle forever as there doesnt seem to be any way out if it. The town is literally doomed. There is the image of serpents which give off the evil part to this town. It is almost as if the people are under the influence of this evil task master from which the inhabitants can never hope to escape. There is also the image of water which is usually the symbol of life and purity but in this case the water has become a victim of this so called progress. This lifeless town is basically sustained by what it makes and produces. These people are sacrificing their lives and their town in order to survive. The only thing that seems to be done in this town is work and more work; there are no natural sights or pleasure in its perspective. Everything is made just for purpose and function. Even the chapel built which is supposed to be an inspiring building and have meaning to people is described as a warehouse. There is a feeling of entrapment in this town such as the bird cage image used. These people have no knowledge of life out of this town. They are mechanical soldiers who feel enslaved to working for this town and feel like it is their only purpose to life. The people are alienated from each other as they dont even seem to try and change this strict and totalitarian system. There is nothing more than facts and nothing seems important besides facts. It is a perverted world where people have lost their humanity and inanimate objects get a life of their own. This town seems to be what controls the people and unfortunately the people all seem to be too intimated by the system that they wont even consider speaking up about the corrupt lifestyle they all live each day. There is a major devoid of natural life and the people are helpless to the situation.

Overview of Culture in India

Overview of Culture in India The culture of India is the way of people living out there, what they speak, their religions, celebrations, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs. India is land of unity in diversity because people of different religions live together. The culture of India is the oldest, yet unique and colorful. There is a certain welcoming about India that are known worldwide for instance, greetings to elders and outsiders Namaste is most common way of greeting. Namaste is important in the Hindu culture because its a symbol of respect and admiration not only for elders, outsiders but, also for younger too. In India, younger touching elders feet it shows great respect to their elders. They touch the feet of their elders daily after waking up and especially on the festive occasions or before starting an important work. They greet their guests with respect and them with utmost care. I have always believed in the concept of Atithi Devo Bhava which means The Guest is considered equal to God. There are different types of languages depending in the places. Each area has their own languages and people like to speak in their mother language. The languages in India besides English and Hindi are Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Punjabi and many more. Joint family system is part of Indian culture to showing respect to their elder. People still live together as joint family but, now people have profession so they have to come out for job opportunities and stayed alone. There is always a hand of elders on their head in joint family and for alone too. Staying alone you have freedom and understanding the life in a wide way. There are different types of festivals celebrated in India. Different people celebrate different festivals as per their religion, caste and culture. People celebrate National festivals like Independence Day, Republic Day as well as religion festivals like Dussehra, Diwali, Raksha Bandhan, Holi, Eid, Buddha Purnima, Christmas, New Year and many more. Holi is the festival of colors because people throw the color to each other in order to celebrate. Raksha Bandhan is a festival of the love and duty between brothers and sisters. It is to celebratebrother-sister relationship who may or may not be biologically related. Sisters tie a sacred thread on her brothers wrist, that symbolizes the sisters love and prayers for her brothers well-being, and the brothers lifelong vow to protect her. I dont have brother but, I always tie tread in my sister wrist or my cousin. This thread is just not a simple thread because it reminds brother his responsibility to take always care, support, and protect h is sister under all circumstance. Diwali is also known as festival of light as on this day every people, especially Hindus lighten up their home with light including candles and diyas (oil Lamp) its celebrated in honors of Lord Ram. He returned to his kingdom, Ayodhys after spending 14 years in forest. Its celebrate in the mark of victory of good over evil. There is a tradition of worshiping Devi Lakshmi and Ganapati (elephant head God) on this day because its done for securing peace, prosperity, wealth and happiness. People celebrate Dussehra festival to mark the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana. Rama is an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Ravana was an evil demon. It signifiesthe victory of good over the evil. People go to see the famous folk play of Ram Lila. The story of Lord Rama is shown in the play. The epic Ramayana tells the story of the Lord Rama who wins the lovely Sita as his wife, only to have her carried off by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. Ravana plays an important role in the Ramayana. Buddha Purnima celebrated actually for the eve of birth, enlightenment and passing into nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On the day of Buddha Purnima, the devotees gather together in the Buddhist Temples to hoist the Buddhist flag. Temples are decorated beautifully. Flowers are offered to teachers. Devotees are encouraged to refrain from violence and to accept only vegetarian food. On this day, the Buddhist monks teach the teachings of Buddha. The devotees are encouraged to follow the teachings of the great master. The teachings of Gautama Buddha were simple. He asked his disciples to judge his teachings with their own intellect and then decide if they want to follow his teachings or not. The eight noble path of Buddha are of right belief, intent, speech, behavior, effort, livelihood, contemplation and concentration. Bodh Gaya is a sacred religious site in India. It is believed that Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment in Bode Gaya. Every year, many devotees from all over the world come t o this place to celebrate Buddha Purnima. Art, literature, theater and film (world famous Bollywood films), and architecture have flourished in India for centuries and they continue to flourish today. The Ramayana is one of the oldest known epic works of literature. India has full of talents in the field of art or architecture includes paintings, rangoli, plastic arts like pottery, and textile arts like woven silk, etc. For examples including paintings of Ajanta cave, Paintings of Ellora cave, etc. Rangoli are the art generally made by the female members of the family. From ages, India has great number of architecture like Rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram, temples of Thanjavur, Kanchipuram and many more. It seems that wherever you turn in India you will come across a site of historic, natural or cultural importance. India is rich in heritage, and some of the main UNESCO world heritage sites in India are Taj Mahal: Tourists flock from all over the world to see this resplendent seventeenth century palace. The Great Himalayan National Park is worlds tallest mountain. Agra Fort: The Yumana river flows serenely past this ancient fort in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Elephant Caves: Deep inside these spooky caves you will find elegant statues and designs carved by the human hand. Indian culture would remain incomplete if we do not discuss the various classical, fold dance forms, Music, clothing and Food. The most popular Classical dance forms are Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak, Manipuri, etc. Folk dances are mainly performed in any occasion like birth of a child, festivals, harvesting seasons, wedding events, etc. For Indians, music is to soul what food is to body. Since Vedic period, it has been capturing the heart and mind of every Indian. In the classical Indian music, there are basically two types of schools- the Hindustani Music (North) and the Carnatic Music (South). Raga arrangement of musical notes is the key in the classical music. The Indian villages also have their special kind of music that carries colours of folk tradition. Music of Indian movies is also liked by the masses. Indian clothing is closely identified with the colorful silk sarees worn by many of the countrys women. Different regions of India have different specialty and variety of sarees. In Punjab the traditional dress is Salwar Kameez and in Rajasthan it is Gagra Choli or also known as Lehenga. The traditional clothing for men is the dhoti, an unstitched piece of cloth that is tied around the waist and legs. Men also wear a kurta, a loose shirt that is worn about knee-length. For special occasions, men wear a sherwani, which is a long coat that is buttoned up to the collar and down to the knees. When the Moghul Empire invaded during the sixteenth century, they left a significant mark on the Indian cuisine. Indian cuisine is also influenced by many other countries and It is known for large assortment of dishes and liberal use of herbs and spices. The most important parts of the Indian cuisine are rice, flour and an element called pulses. Pulses are red lentils, Bengal ram, pigeon pea, black gram and green gram. The variety in Indian spices like black pepper, coriander seeds, cardamom, saffron and cumin seeds not only enhance the flavor of the food but also add value to it. North India has chole bhature, tandoori chicken, rajma chawal, kadhi chawal, dhokla, daal baati churma and biryani to relish, South India is not behind in the race. From masala dosa, rava uttpam, rasam, sambar-lemon rice to toran, appam, meen; the South Indian cuisine has a great variety to offer. Many Hindus are vegetarians, but lamb, goat and chicken are common in main dishes for non-vegetarians. Hindu do not eat beef but, non-Hindu interpret these beliefs mean that Hindu worship cow which not true. The cow is thought to be sacred, deeply honor, respect and adore. In India most states have banned cow slaughter and almost 90% dont prefer to eat. Both Hindu and Non Hindu do not prefer to eat pork. Sources Indian Culture Tradition The Basis Behind Its Elements. Sadhguru, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 08 Mar. 2018. Choudhury, Samar. Essay on Indian Culture and Tradition. Important India. N.p., 21 Dec. 2015. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Zimmermann, Kim Ann. Indian Culture: Traditions and Customs of India. LiveScience. Purch, 30 Jan. 2015. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Culture of India. Culture of India Find All About Indian Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Home. India Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.

An Introduction To Independent Filming

An Introduction To Independent Filming Because independent film is independently financed, several of its characteristics, such as visual art, theme and background, make it different from any other type of film. An independent film, indie film, or underground film, is a film that is produced mostly outside of a major film studio. Todays big six major film studios are Time Warner, News Corporation, Viacom, Sony, The Walt Disney Company and General Electric/Vivendi Universal. Technically, Independent film does not belong to any major film studio or film company; both the funding and film-making are done independently. The funds of making an independent film were originally mostly from the funding that director has found by himself or even that the director personally contributes to the film. But nowadays, independent films are usually produced or distributed by subsidiaries of major studios so that, if less than half of a films financing comes from a major studio, it can be considered independent film. Where Does Independent Film Come From? The concept of independent film came from Hollywood in the last century. At that time, the Hollywood oligopoly replaced the Edison monopoly. Within this new system, a pecking order was soon established which left little room for any newcomers. At the top were the five major studios, MGM, Paramount Pictures, RKO, Warner Bros., and Twentieth Century Fox. Beneath them were Universal Studios and Columbia Pictures. Finally there was Poverty Row, a catch all term used to encompass any other smaller studio that managed to fight their way up into the increasingly exclusive movie business. It is worth noting that though the small studios that made up Poverty Row could be characterized as existing independently of any major studio, they utilized the same kind of vertically and horizontally integrated systems of business as the larger players in the game. Though the eventual breakup of the studio system and its restrictive chain-theater distribution network would leave independent movie houses eager for the kind of populist, seat-filling product of the Poverty Row s tudios, that same paradigm shift would also lead to the decline and ultimate disappearance of Poverty Row as a Hollywood phenomenon. While the kinds of films produced by Poverty Row studios only grew in popularity, they would eventually become increasingly available both from major production companies and from independent producers who no longer needed to rely on a studios ability to package and release their work (wiki). So at the time, the studio system had brought large amounts of money to the film industry, but it also extremely limited the themes of film that a scriptwriter would be allowed to write about. Because of this situation, many filmmakers wanted to get out of the studio system so they collected money and directed the film by themselves, sometimes even writing the scripts by themselves. Therefore, a large number of the independently funded and directed films were totally different from the commercial films that had been made. It is these films that became the first independent films. Backgrounds of Independent Directors A film can be called an independent film for two reasons. The first reason is that most of the financing is not from a major studio. The second reason is that the theme of the film is unique. From the beginning, independent film is different from the major studios: its purpose is not to earn money. Although production is small (low cost and simple technology are the symbols of the independent film), this does not mean that the film itself is crude or unprofessional. Because there are fewer influences from sponsors, the independent films can be involved in more themes that commercial films cannot write about, it also shows the unique of the director. Basically, the themes of independent films in the U.S. have no limit as they include politics, violence, sex, science fiction, crime and even indescribable fantasy. So it is really hard to classify independent films the same way one does for Hollywood commercial films. The unique characteristics of independent film can be proved by the backgrounds of the director of an independent film. It is not hard to find out that these directors usually have their own unique backgrounds, not only their race, but also their social status and the area that they come from. Each director is skilled in his own way and wants to show this in his film through the use of complicated structure. Take John Cassavetes, for example, who is basically called the father of the independent film in the U.S. He is most notable as a pioneer of American independent film. John was born into a Greek-American family, so his Greek family values extremely influenced his creativity in film. So, in his films, it is clear to see his observations of and questioning on American family life. They also show self-examination in the relationships between families. Woody Allen, another famous director, was born in Brooklyn, New York City, in a well-educational Jewish family. From Annie Hall to Melinda and Melinda, we can see that Woody Allens background caused him to criticize reality in his films. Another director, Spike Lee, grow up in the same neighborhood as Woody Allen, but he has a totally different angle in directing films. Because Spike Lee was born into a middle to low class, African-American family, his films are full of a fearlessness to corruption and violence and tended to show the darkness of society. Even when dealing with the same theme, different directors usually show a different point of view. For example: sex. In Woody Allens film Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex*But Were Afraid to Ask , he describes traditional sex using jokes instead of serious discussion. Allen even played the role of a sperm in his film for emphasis. Steven Soderbergh, however, also dealt with the theme of sex. In his opinion, sex became a symbol of danger. In his film, Sex, Lies, and Videotape, sex is abnormal and makes people feel restless. This is totally different from Woody Allens humor. Thus, independent film directors each have their own style and skilled theme, causing a unique structure of theme in independent film. Black humor In Independent Film The black humor in independent film is a kind of humor that makes people feel sad. One way is to describe the compassion to nobody; another way is to sneer at somebody. Woody Allen is a representative man to use the second way in his films. Woody is good at directing his films in an exaggerated funny way, and most of his films are against tradition and authority, for example his early films Bananas Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex*But Were Afraid to Ask and Sleeper. These films were meant to poke fun at Hollywoods politic film, sex film and science-fiction film at that time. Most importantly, these mocks were definitely valuable and were not sleazy jokes, but always make people think about more. And after people laughing at these jokes, they will feel a little bit sad about this reality. After Woody Allens early films, his skills has developed and used it to make fun of all society and human nature itself. In Stardust Memories Everyone Says I Love You Bullets Over Broad way, human nature, love, violence, happiness, etc, these ideas has instead of Hollywood, became his targets. Although it sounds impossible to make fun of these things, Woody Allen can always give us surprise, he has ability to make people laugh. Even in Stardust Memories, has been thought it was greeting to Ernst Ingmar Bergman, it is still easy to see Woody Allens self-mockery. In this film, he used a lot of skills from European directors, because of this, he has been criticized by critical circles, but he still treated it as his best film. Of course, Woody Allen can never forget to make fun of Hollywood, the typical one is The Purple Rose of Cairo. This film poked fun of that Hollywood made huge contrast between the reality and film world. Because of the big differences that Hollywood made in film world between realities, he criticized the Hollywood film industry. The Purple Rose of Cairo is one of Woody Allens most importantly films, it criticized film industry itself make it bec ame a landmark in independent film history. The way to make fun of nobody is used by a lot of directors, Coen brothers become the best of these directors since they began direct the independent films. Their tender humble but a little bit weird black humor became their symbol. Especially their first film Blood Simple, it became one landmark in independent film history, this film has influenced a lot of films after, especially large number of 90s independent films, its style and theme became the fashion in independent film industry. But Blood Simple was just their first one, Coen brothers second film Barton Fink won the reputation for them. The same as Woody Allen, in Barton Fink, it full of taunts to Hollywood, and their thoughts has showed in this film. The boss of the film company in Barton Fink stands for those Hollywood big shots. Money can make them kneel down, and can also make them became animals without any humanity and of course they do not care the art of films. After this film, O brother, Where art thou? became anoth er landmark, this film was adopted from Odyssey. It discussed the changes of American politics and religions make it became more like an epic for independent film history. Quentin Tarantino, are also famous for his black humor in his films. From his first famous film Reservoir Dogs, poke fun of mafia, crime, violence and etc, it became his mark. In his film Pulp Fiction, all the members of mafia has been described stupid, dirty and has no brains. They bully the weak and fear the strong, make people cannot stop laughing at them. Kill Bill extremely showed his black violent aesthetics, the female role in this film fight with Japanese mafias, killing people is just a little thing, this scene is also poke fun of Hollywood that used Chinese kung fu whenever they want to. The most typical black humor independent film must be Kevin Smiths Clerks, this film just cost $27,000, and it was a miracle to Hollywood in 90s. This is a really simple story about two salesclerks. They open for business, but there is no business. They go to funeral, but the coffin has been overthrown by them, etc. All these stories happened in the same day, it has no directly connections but it is well-organized. The story is simple, but it full of philosophy, makes people try to think. At the end, it tells people a simple truth but usually been ignored by people, which is be nice to your friends and family. In independent film, usually need wonderful actors to play out the black humor. Like Tom Cruise in Magnolia, Dustin Hoffman in I Heart Huckabees, Samuel L Jackson in Do the Right Thing and etc. These good actors are really important to any good independent films. Freedom, Revolt Violence in Independent Film For independent film, freedom is the most important characteristic. This freedom not only means the freedom of funds, but also means the freedom of minds. From some point, independent film can also be called freedom film. If independent film want to be freedom means have to break the tradition rules, which also means have to revolt the rules. So the spirit of independent film should be called the revolt of freedom. So it is not hard to find that the characters in the independent films are usually uninhibited. Take David Lynchs Wild at Heart as an example. In this film, a couple cannot be together because of several reasons, but they use a lot of lurid ways to try to get together. This film shows peoples restless though bloody violent scenes, it full of Freud style analysis. But this film also shows a little bit romantic, the other extremely way to love each other. Wild at Heart is also a typical rock film, the main character in the film usually drives a car on the high way and show up in the public like a rock singer. After Wild at Heart, Lost Highway basically continued the story has been told in Wild at Heart, the style, characteristic and even the main actor Nicholas Cage has not been change. But this time, a lot of videotapes about privacy have been instead of abstract of pressures from society. This experimental film described the darkness side of people, it is the most strange and inscrut able film in all his films. Compare with Oliver Stones films, David Lynchs films are really tender. Oliver Stones Natural Born Killers can be called the most violent film in all the 90s American independent films. In this film, he broke all the rules that had been showed on the screen, he did not even care about the audiences, just showed the extremely violent to audiences. This is not only an irony to Hollywood, but also it is an irony to the darkness of American cultures. And this counterattack is hopeless, to the whole society: just a person can do nothing. So the character in the film just can kills people to release his anger and against the society. Natural Born Killers actually has some similarities with Quentin Tarantinos films, which is that they all used violence as the clue in their films. Especially in Kill Bill, the story itself is very simple, but Quentin Tarantino described violence in details, he even makes people think that violent is kind of aesthetical. But in fact, what he wants to tell is t he same as Natural Born Killers. Hollywoods Banishment or Incorporation of Independent Film Directors Since independent film was born, Hollywood always tries to incorporate the independent film directors. Usually, an independent film director will be incorporate into Hollywood after some of his films got successes. For example, Steven Soderbergh, after he directed his independent films Sex, Lies, and Videotape Traffic, he directed some commercial films like Oceans eleven Oceans twelve. But unfortunately, for audiences, he is one of the best directors of independent film, but for commercial film, he is not the best. But still there were a lot of directors have successes on commercial film, such as Oliver Stone and Gus Van Sant, they are both good at independent film and commercial film. Oliver Stone not only has commercial films like Born on the Fourth of July Heaven and Earth but also has famous unique independent film like Natural Born Killers. Gus Van Sant is much clever, he used the theme of the independent film to do it in commercial film way, Drugstore Cowboy To Die For Good Will Hunting these films are the typical. Of course, money is everything for Hollywood, if they think the independent film director can earn money for them, they will become animals. Even the film has done, if they do not think it will earn money, they will kill it without thinking. So this is why such a lot of independent film directors do not want to direct any Hollywood films. Because their films are like their babies, if Hollywood will kill their babies sometime, who will work for Hollywood? I do not think there is one. In conclusion, only when film directors are not controlled or limited by the sponsors, the really films will be create. Not only independent film will be free, but also any other types of film will be free. At that time, I believe there is just one type of film that is called good film.

Philosophical Theantropy as the Principle of Religious Ecumenism :: Biblical Religion Christianity Essays

Philosophical Theantropy as the Principle of Religious Ecumenism ABSTRACT: One universal constituent element of human consciousness is belief in the existence of a divine reality that is experienced by persons as the most intimate and essential part of human life. Belief in transcendent reality, which is an immanent part of human nature, constitutes an awe-inspiring mystery (mysterium fascinans et tremens) — that is, a theantropy. Strictly speaking, ‘theantropy’ is a theological term which is used to express the "union of the divine and human natures in Christ" (as defined by Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary). The novum of my understanding of theantropy consists in the application of the concept to the phenomenological experience of the religious consciousness of humanity. Henceforth, I designate theantropy to mean an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the ‘human’ and ‘divine’ constituents in/of every human being. I will examine and reflect on theantropy as the philosophical principle of religious ecumenism as well as compare various solutions of theantropy not only with regard to a particular system of beliefs, but as it is experienced in each and every human being by following Augustine’s principle: "In interiorem hominem redi: ibi habitat Deus" (or in "intimor intimo meo"). In each and every human being, there is a specific polarization between the human and the divine dimensions, which one can call theantropy. In the strict sense 'theantropy' is a theological term, and is employed to express "the union of the divine and human natures in Christ." The novum of this author's understanding of the term 'theantropy' consists of the application of this concept to the phenomenological experience of religious consciousness of man. Henceforth, in this paper, 'theantropy' means "an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the 'human' and the 'divine' constituents in/of each and every human being." Theantropy so understood, can be described as a perpetual striving of man for unity with the 'Inner-Word' of human soul for establishing one spiritual oikoumenÈ of all people into one divine community of believers (Cf I Pe.:2,5; Eph.:2,19; I Tim.:3.15; He.:3,6; etc.). Referring to the Gospel of St. John, St. Augustine writes: I implore you to love with me and, by believing, to run with me; let us long for our heavenly country , let us sigh for our heavenly home, let us truly feel that here we are strangers. What shall we then see? Let the gospel tell us: 'In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God. Philosophical Theantropy as the Principle of Religious Ecumenism :: Biblical Religion Christianity Essays Philosophical Theantropy as the Principle of Religious Ecumenism ABSTRACT: One universal constituent element of human consciousness is belief in the existence of a divine reality that is experienced by persons as the most intimate and essential part of human life. Belief in transcendent reality, which is an immanent part of human nature, constitutes an awe-inspiring mystery (mysterium fascinans et tremens) — that is, a theantropy. Strictly speaking, ‘theantropy’ is a theological term which is used to express the "union of the divine and human natures in Christ" (as defined by Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary). The novum of my understanding of theantropy consists in the application of the concept to the phenomenological experience of the religious consciousness of humanity. Henceforth, I designate theantropy to mean an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the ‘human’ and ‘divine’ constituents in/of every human being. I will examine and reflect on theantropy as the philosophical principle of religious ecumenism as well as compare various solutions of theantropy not only with regard to a particular system of beliefs, but as it is experienced in each and every human being by following Augustine’s principle: "In interiorem hominem redi: ibi habitat Deus" (or in "intimor intimo meo"). In each and every human being, there is a specific polarization between the human and the divine dimensions, which one can call theantropy. In the strict sense 'theantropy' is a theological term, and is employed to express "the union of the divine and human natures in Christ." The novum of this author's understanding of the term 'theantropy' consists of the application of this concept to the phenomenological experience of religious consciousness of man. Henceforth, in this paper, 'theantropy' means "an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the 'human' and the 'divine' constituents in/of each and every human being." Theantropy so understood, can be described as a perpetual striving of man for unity with the 'Inner-Word' of human soul for establishing one spiritual oikoumenÈ of all people into one divine community of believers (Cf I Pe.:2,5; Eph.:2,19; I Tim.:3.15; He.:3,6; etc.). Referring to the Gospel of St. John, St. Augustine writes: I implore you to love with me and, by believing, to run with me; let us long for our heavenly country , let us sigh for our heavenly home, let us truly feel that here we are strangers. What shall we then see? Let the gospel tell us: 'In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God.

Essays --

The biological approach is a method that looks at our genetics to figure out a reason as to why one behaves in a particular way and why individuals develop abnormal behaviors. The biological theorists who study behavioral genetics study in what manner genetic influences effect behavior. Biological factors such as chromosomes have a substantial effect on humans and their behaviors. Most of what psychologists know about biological influences on personality is derived from twin studies. Twin studies examine and compare monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. This is done because identical twins share the same DNA and are therefore predicted to share the same levels of specific traits. They are studied in cases where the twins are both reared together and separately to understand individual differences and similarities in personalities in these twins; in most cases even when the identical twins are reared apart they often are similar in regards to their career choices an d personality characteristics. While fraternal twins share about fifty percent of the same DNA which is about the same amount as non-twin siblings. The outcome of fraternal twins is similar to the outcome of individuals not born as twins, meaning the pair of DZ twins will have different personality traits (Holzinger, 1929). This demonstrates that although MZ twins are reared apart they still share the same personality traits because they are heritable. The biological aspect of traits is explained through genetics. Biology is the influence for most of the complex and intricate phenomena that occur within a human being, the same can be applied to the personality of an individual. The Big Five is a list of the five core personality traits that all indivi... ...onality model (Costa and McCrae, 1988). Without an appropriate caregiver to provide nurture a person can be high on neuroticism, and low on extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; meaning the person will be immensely psychologically unstable. Without stability and emotional support as a child, as an adult, an individual do not learn how to cope with the pressures of life (Bleidorn et al., 2010). This is apparent when individuals are extremely anxious, and self-conscious, introverted and displaying negative emotions about everything, not open to new experiences or people, has issues trusting others, and has little to no self-discipline (Rothbart, Ahadi, and Evans, 2000). A child that has been nurtured has been brought up in a positive and loving environment will have great psychological health and will be a stable/functional adult.

Human Genome Project Essay -- essays research papers fc

Outline Thesis: Large corporations, such as insurance companies, and governments are looking to save money on future policyholders through the use of genetic testing. General information on the Human Genome Project Time of discussion leading up to implementation Who was involved Where does the funding come from Insurance Companies and discrimination Discrimination against unborn children Genetic testing for “bad'; or unwanted traits Fix vs. Abort Not covering unborn with unwanted traits Denying Benefits to Current Members Forcing Genetic test to continue coverage Not covering spouses, children, etc.. who come up “Bad'; Denying coverage to new members 1. New members who want to join but have unwanted traits People switching jobs that need insurance but can’t get it Governments Benefits to people with unwanted traits Will government protect people with a predisposition to recklessness Will governments provide benefits for people with predisposition to genetic disorders? Welfare Will welfare be provided to people with genetic predisposition not to work Will the government try to alter people on welfare Military Will the military attempt to genetically alter persons to become greater soldiers or officers? Will the newly found technologies be used to engineer biological weapons? Corporations Will corporations require genetic testing to be performed as a term of hire? Will corporations issue genetic testing to employees to determine job position? Eugenics A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Define Eugenics B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creating a “Custom Child'; 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ability 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethics Privacy and ethical views on genetic testing General concerns of privacy Discrimination from insurance companies Discrimination from government policies Discrimination from employers Who should now the results of a genetic test? Individuals should know Employers should not know Government should not know Insurance should not know Widespread views on the ethical issues of genetic testing Physicians and their views Views of the general public Discussion on the Negative Implications of the Information Derived from the Human Genome Project Should man govern nature? This is a question that has been posed more often recently than ever. Human will soon know the secret to life and be able to ... ...t on their practices, but do expect major clinical changes in the future (Fetters 1). Although the Human Genome Project will bring upon many aspects that will be beneficial for generations to come, there are too many negative implications that will turn a lot of cheeks. Supporters of this effort will in the future regret their choice. There will be employment and insurance barriers due to genetic testing. Perhaps the worst part about the government implications is the biological military applications that will spawn destructive biological weapons. Man should not and could not govern nature. Nature has always prevailed from the beginning of time. Man has finally sealed his own fate. Works Cited Begley, Sharon. “Designer Babies.'; Newsweek 9 November 1998:1-4 Bereano, Phil. “The Politics of DNA’s Meaning.'; Tikku September 1999:23 Branfman, Fred. “The Gene is Out of the Bottle.'; 9 December 1999. Fetters, Michael D. “Family Physicians’ Perspectives on Genetics and the Human Genome Project.'; JAMA 24 November 1999: 1,902. Lee, Thomas F. The Human Genome Project: Cracking the Genetic Code of Life New York: Plenum, 1991.

3d Animation, Its Effect on Mass Communication Essay

Introduction 3d animation is a form of Computer graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. 3d is a type of graphics in which its images look like they are real world images i. e. omputer games and animated movies are the common examples of 3d, 3d graphics are modeled or originated by a process known as 3d modeling, this process is done by a software having 3d modeling tools by engineers or artists, either they import real world images and then transform them into 3d animation or they originate their own ideas and compose them through the help of the tools, 3d animation[1] is the process of taking a 3D object and getting it to move in this process u create 3d objects and combine them to make an animation this includes importing motion capture data and applying it to a character or making the objects to follow the artist’s/engineer’s own curves. Texturing is a phase in which the ready 3d animation is textured or colored to make it look like more effective in its role because colors and textures play an important role in making the animation look more realistic and effective to the viewer. Rendering is the last phase in which the animation is finally exported to a format or copy that can be viewed easily by the viewers, it is an important part of 3d animation process, as more efficient and good rendering will result in good looking and effective 3d animation. A good 3d animation is based upon Visual Communication, Good Design, and Aesthetics, if these 3 features are kept in mind while creating 3d’s they can have good results as expected. 3d animation has totally changed today’s market, people are giving more attention to 3d because of its realistic look, 3d movies are commonly being viewed in cinema houses, 3d games are much popular in today’s era. Uses in Mass Communication 3d animation is widely being used in today’s era like computer games that are made in 3d are more popular than the older ones, Movies in 3d are greatly being viewed in cinema houses and especially 3d animated cartoon movies are grabbing the attention of people greatly, field of mass communication is having a very good effect of 3d animation i. e. Advertisement is a major part of mass communication in which products are advertised in different ways so the buyer and seller meet their needs, Now a day’s all advertisements are majorly being produced in 3d because of the cost effectiveness and unique look of 3d animation, viewers are more attracted towards 3d advertisements as compared to the adds that are shot and produced in 2d, Digital 3d Advertising a new media to focus the viewers sight on when composing a shot, they count on a powerful instrument the closeness of the objects. Before, the creators needed to direct the viewer’s sight using the 2d composition. Now, we can use deepness to accentuate the element we want to emphasize. Higher tendency of the viewer to receive the messages this media requires the usage of glasses. When a viewer puts such elements on, there is a higher tendency of the viewer to receive the messages. The viewer is receptive to see the spot, just because of the immersion format of its exhibition. Greater detail in the volume and shape of the objects How many times we have heard it is not the same to see, for example, a car on television and personally, this revolution has made 3d much popular among people, new television’s supporting 3d view are being launched in market in a great number by leading companies like Sony, JVC and Samsung etc. Mass media organizations are using 3d widely in their programs and advertisements, there are properly established studio’s in which 3d modeling/designing is being done for these purposes, Artificial Rides are also common i. e. n which viewers experience real life scenes of a roller coaster ride in an artificial 3d environment that looks so realistic,3d Movies are much popular in today’s era and are widely being watched all over the world that has increase the number of 3d cinema houses. 3d technology is widely being used in Movies and short films to achieve the results which were not possible in old times, before this technology film makers used to have stunt Mans and proper training and a high budget to perform action and horror scene’s for the movies that consumed more time, more money and sometimes dangerous stunt’s took life’s of many stunt men, but now it is easy to have these scenes designed and animated in 3d environment which gives more enjoyable look to the viewer’s because now acial structure’s and real life scene’s can easily be regenerated in 3d environment more efficiently because of new 3d technology human, animal or any facial expressions can easily be recreated and animated according to the needs After generation of 3d face model next important stage is the proper recreation of human expressions. One of the ways of achieving realism is modeling of facial expressions and animation on synthesized human face. However, this task was complicated to achieve in a way that everyone has his own style of expressing so one model can’t fulfill the requirements but the new way proposed by Narendra Patel & Mukesh Zaveri in reference paper [1],study of this research show a new method of re creating the facial expressions of 3d models that is more effective and realistic in 3d world especially for its use in animation like movies etc Other than these usages 3d is now being used in medical fields also i. e. He therapy of mentally injured people[2],in this process patient is subjected to a 3d environment where a virtual therapist is used to treat the patient this reduces cost of the therapy system’s and rehabilitates the condition of the patients faster, Patients see a clone of them and a therapist in this environment, what he sees is known as virtual reality, in which he sees his wrist moving faster than the actual movement done by him by doing so, he will activate the coupling between the perceptive and motor circuits hence improving the recovery, Virtual reality helps in improving the condition of patient in such a way that it makes him realize that he is progressing slightly more than the normal condition so this results in faster rehabilitation, this is helping the medical specialists as they have a laboratory controlled 3d environment so they can change it according to the recovery needs of the patient. Virtual reality technology has been used for several decades for a varie ty of psychosocial applications. 0 The most widely used feature is to create realistic simulations for the patients according to the therapist’s need for example(HDM)[2] Head mounted display in which patient see’s what the therapist wants to make him see, other visions are blocked in this case. This helps in curing diseases like cognitive disorders, attention disorders etc. Another form of disease caused by a cerebral vascular accident CVA is also being cured by the use of 3d animation technology, in this disease brain functionality is lost temporarily or permanently depending upon which areas of the brain have been affected some of them get paralyzed. This kind of stroke can affect their ability of reading writing even swallowing, These type of problems are common in western countries, by the use of 3d technology it has been discovered that patients are recovering more fastly as compared to older treatments 5-10% of them recovered a fully functional upper limb however 80% of them recover their complete ability to walk

Persian Society: 1673-1677 Essay

Jean Chardin was a well-educated son of a French jeweler. Chardin was a well-known European traveler of Persia in 17th century who produced substantial literature on Persian society. In his book Travel to Persia, Chardin describes the Persians as those who spend their money without care as soon they get it with no thought spared to their future needs. As soon as they lay their hands on some money, they either buy slaves, hire wives, set up a well-equipped carriage, furnish a house extravagantly and/or dress sumptuously (185). The Persians are characterized as kind, generous, and helpful to strangers, abhor fighting and worship Gods name. They are vigilant about the education of their children, they send their children twice a day to school and after school they keep them involved in their business and profession. They keep eunuchs to monitor their children strictly, not allowing them to go out on streets and to meet the relatives only with a eunuch serving as chaperone. At the age of sixteen, they marry their children off and do not allow them travel before they turn twenty (188-189). Chardin further elaborates that Persian men visit young women if their wives are over thirty and their wives, if they become pregnant early, get their fetus’ aborted because of fear of waning interest of their husbands. This situation did result in a decrease in their population. They are very civilized people but their behavior also encompasses negative characteristics too such as use of coarse and vulgar language, cheating, lying and frequently breaking promises (129-130). According to Chardin, â€Å"They are not to be trusted in service, nor in all other engagements† (187). Thus Chardin has depicted the conflicting character of Persian society in his book by stating that, â€Å"Whoever sees them only passing by, or in a visit, will always give them the best character in the world, but he that deals with them and pries into their affairs will find that there is little honesty in them† (188).

Han China & Classical Athens DBQ Essay

Classical Athens and Han China were different due to their forms of government, the relationship between the individual and the state, their views on man and nature and their background information. Within the background information of both Athens and Han China there are very evident differences between the two. The first document shows the maps of both the empires side by side. The Han Empire is much bigger than the Athens city-state Attica which is a mere 50 miles long, while the Han Empire stretches over 2400 miles long. The size difference alone shows how the Empires would have developed differently. Since Attica is smaller, the people are closer together, therefore it would be easier to develop a democracy there. Han China, however, is very big and everyone is spread out so it would be very difficult to govern if every citizen had a say in the decisions. The second and third documents show the differences in size and distribution of the population in both empires. The differences here are clear. Han China is about 206 times greater in population than Athens. In Athens about 37% of their population are slaves while in China about 7% of their population are slaves or what they call, â€Å"mean people.† The majority, about 90%, of the population in the Han Empire consists of peasant farmers and some skilled urban workers. In Athens, farmers were very valued and the majority of the citizens there were landowning farmers. A map of population density would be very helpful in understanding the differences between the empires. This would show where most farming took place because the mass population is farmers and slaves. CONCLUSION************* Han China and Classical Athens governments are extremely different. Han China’s government was strictly centralized, with an emperor as their supreme and divine ruler; the Son of Heaven. People believed that Heaven chose the person who was ready to rule the Empire. Many people questioned how Heaven does this. In document 6, a dialogue between Mencius, a student of Confucius, and Wan Chang, Mencius’s student, Chang asks Mencius a few questions of Heaven choosing it’s next son. Mencius’s answer was that Heaven  does not speak but reveals itself by acts and deeds; Heaven sees with the eyes of its people and hears with the ears of his people. Document 7 talks about how Han China’s government system runs. Heaven selects the emperor, the sole ruler, but he needed people to help him rule. Therefore he appointed governors to each part of the Empire and then, in turn, they placed officials at smaller areas. During the Han Dynasty, the government decided to build and expand bureaucracy. The bureaucrats would have to go through an early form of a civil service exam in order to earn a law-making position at stages of government such as local, regional and federal. However, Stearn describes the Han Empire as the largest political system in the classical world, but Stearn’s bias can be seen here and must be considered. However, Classical Athens’ government is a democracy, not entirely a modern democracy like the United States, but a democracy nonetheless. Document 4 is a speech by Pericles, a Greek statesman, which talks about the empire’s qualities of their government. Any man, regardless of their social class can be elected to hold office. Pericles talks very highly about his government, â€Å"†¦ we are rather a role model to others.† His point of view on the government system may be affected by the fact that he is the General of that empire so he would be biased toward their government.

Knowledge Acquisition

Knowledge is obtained through different sources. Personal experiences, tradition, authority and intuition are factors in helping one acquire knowledge. In the human services discipline, these areas are essential in learning how knowledge is attained. Carper’s (1978) four types of knowledge best explain how personal experiences, tradition, authority and intuitions are essential in knowledge acquisition. First and foremost, ethical knowledge pertains to moral issues and one’s judgment based on professional principles and values. Intuition usually tells an individual when an action or event is deemed acceptable by society or not. In the field of human services, it is important to know what is morally good and bad and this can be considered as the strength of ethical knowledge. It helps a human services practitioner determine the action that would result to the improvement of the person’s well-being. However, this is contrary to the characteristics of science which entitles one to be objective wherein biases or value judgments are removed from the scientific process. Human services is a science wherein knowledge is obtained through systematic observations (Monette, Sullivan & De Jong in Hutchison, 2003). Second, aesthetic knowledge is concerned with the art of the disciplines. These arts may be in the form of a systematic process that a practitioner follows in her field (Carper in Walsh and Wigens, 2003). In this case, it can be perceived that the discipline of human services is rigid and static. On the contrary, as a science, it is an open-ended practice wherein discoveries and ideas continue to occur over time. Tradition best exemplifies this case wherein negates the idea that remains the same over time rather, it is dynamic. Third, personal knowledge is obtained from one’s experiences and interactions with his environment (Carper in Walsh and Wigens, 2003).   Personal experiences help one acquire values and biases that he applies to his daily life. It can be argued that personal knowledge cannot be a basis for knowledge because it is not systematic and not based on empirical findings. However, in the discipline of human services, this type of knowledge is essential in understanding behavior and actions of individuals. Lastly, empirical knowledge is based on observations and experimentations. In other words, it is founded on hard data and it is considered a fact. It is acknowledge that the field of human services is a science that strongly relies on empirical data. Since it is such, it is also a transformative process or a never-ending cycle that is constantly tested and questioned (Monette, Sullivan & De Jong in Hutchison, 2003). Facts and information are constantly updated in order to make them more accurate and correct. This is needed in the field of human services because human behavior actions and their meanings are not static. Overall, the four types of knowledge that is applied in the discipline of human services complements and is further reinforced by the characteristics of science. Its being a science does not contradict knowledge acquisition, rather, it strengthens the field in terms of dynamicity, accurateness and precision in gathering information and data. References Hutchison, Elizabeth. (2003). Dimensions of Human Behaviour: Person and Environment. UK: Sage Publications. Walsh, Mark and Lynne Wigens. (2003). Introduction to Research. UK: Nelson Thornes.

The Importance of Spiritual to Human Condition Essay

The Importance of Spiritual to Human Condition - Essay Example Thus, it can be concluded that spirituality is a central component to the human experience. This concept will be explored further by looking at the three novels namely, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, and Sula by Toni Morrison. The Scarlet Letter is a portrayal of the fallen woman in the person of Hester. Within the Puritan society, Hawthorne reveals how religion and spirituality had strongly influenced the individual lives of its members. Being an adulterous in a religious society, Hester’s sin brought her to become an object of ridicule and snickering. However, we can see that towards the end of the story, Hester’s recognition and repentance for her sin brought about a transformation in her life. The story tells of her acceptance of the punishment as well as the determination to move on amidst the shame inflicted to her by the society. This perspective together with her good deeds and admirable character which represents moral transformation enabled her to partially regain the favor of the society. Thus, this story states that the spiritual condition of an individual directly influences her whole being. Hester’s life in sin brought unpleasant things to her while her transformation leads the way to a happier existence.

Business plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business plan - Term Paper Example It will be located inside the Park Meadows Shopping Center, South Denver. This will provide an exciting experience to consume high-quality food while window shopping and walking inside the shopping mall. 303 Deliche Steak will offer a tantalizing experience of hand cut (daily) and 21 days aged steak to maximize the flavour. Its menu encompasses the best steak, several chicken dishes as well burgers in the saloon. It will also serve desserts and distinctive salad.For special occasions, it will also offer private dining areas with a decor that beckons music and laughter to make it more relaxing and memorable. The grill will be in open air to cook to the proper degree as per the guest’s requirement. There will be no waiting for the steak since the grill will be stocked already to the degree of doneness. This business plan will launch the initial concept to create more concrete goals and obtain financing. Financing is required to start the business activities such as kitchen desig ning, architectural plan of the restaurant, menu and receipt books, purchases equipment and other related expenses of the first year. The capital contributions of the owners along with the finances will contribute in successful opening of the restaurant. This is essential to create a value-driven atmosphere that will entice people from all ages to bring their friends and family to enjoy the creativity of the founders with excellent food. The dazzling 303 Deliche Steak will be embraced by people who love dining out with fantastic meal and benchmark customer service at a convenient location. Business Description: 303 Deliche Steak is an ultimate steakhouse destination with great food, lively atmosphere and extraordinary value. While the original variation of American favourites is supreme, an array of flavourful dishes such as seasoned steaks, chops, prime rib, roasted caramel chicken, generous salads and side orders will also be offered. This outlet will provide the upscale ambience of an energetic lifestyle with the ongoing celebration of exceptional food. Fresh and entertaining surroundings: The restaurant will feature display cooking of our featured steak from cutting to cooking to ensure that they are very tender. The hearty salads and hot food stations will also visible to enable our guests to choose their favourite dish/salad from a variety of items. We will also offer theme nights to add a twist to the customer’s experience. Fresh flowers, great music and amazing artwork will appeal the customers. Quality Food: At 303 Deliche Steak, the passion of grilling will be reflected in the legendary steaks. It will serve nothing but fresh and tender steaks, crispy salads, all white meat chicken and scrumptious desserts. Variety: We are committed to offer a little extra by adding value in terms of everyday menu to spice up the things and add more twist. The menu will change after every 5 to 6 months but the specialty will be there. For instance, during summ er months we will offer special menu such as exotic drinks to refresh our customers in a hot sunny day. Prices will be varying according to the competitive upscale restaurants. Hours of Operation: The restaurant will be open seven days a week. The timings will be 11:00 am to 1:00 pm. Industry and Market Analysis: Denver is a pioneer in the restaurant industry with many popular chains based in the region. It has a population of more than 3 million and the growth rate of the food industry is increasing with the establishment of

Three advantages of having globalization in Islamic Societies Term Paper

Three advantages of having globalization in Islamic Societies - Term Paper Example Globalization's flourishing of education has numerous advantages to Islamic Societies. First is the benefit of education that will not only make Muslims educated but will also enable them to fulfill their duties of attaining education (IslamiCentre 1). Through globalization, education will also become accessible to everybody and this will include the poor who would hugely benefit from a universal education because it would become affordable (if not free) and accessible to them (YaleInsights 1). Education will suddenly be transformed from being only available to the few and the elite to the general masses of Muslim. Globalization will also become education cheaper and thereby, affordable for almost every Muslim. The Muslims who never saw a classroom or a teacher can now be reached through globalization's global village that the day will come that every Muslim will become educated making Islamic society the center of learning again. Globalization’s advantage will also help propa gate the proper teachings of Islam. Its scholars would be able to reach more Muslims and this would result to more educated Muslims understanding the Quran and in the process helping them to become better Muslims and better persons. The proper teaching of Islam will also prevent its misuse where evil deeds are committed its name. Through the proper teaching of Islam, the extremists can no longer justify their acts because Muslims will find it unacceptable having understood the Quran well for they are properly educated. In the same manner, the West can no longer blame Islam for its terror because it will understand that Islam is never a religion of conflict and ignorance but a rather religion of peace and learning. A globalized environment will also increase the cooperation and collaboration between Islamic nations and it can lead to economic success in different Islamic countries. This can be done through increased trade, mutual protection and greater cooperation. Thus, poverty in t he Muslim world will cease and Islam can no longer be blamed for poverty. This will strengthen Islamic societies because when they are no longer poor, they will have more time and energy for study and self-development. In the process it will make Muslims closer to one another and in so doing, strengthens the bond between them making them brothers and sisters in Islam. This bond brought by globalization can address the common issue of Islam's fragmentation that Shininy stated in his study that there is lack of unity between various Arab nations. With globalization, there will be more opportunities for Muslims around the world to interact thereby making Muslims united again. In addition, globalization will make the mobility of people faster and this will help Muslims visit each other to foster unity. This unity can also counter the influence of the Western world and preserve the culture and tradition of Islam which had been assailed since (Shibiny X). In addition to the preservation o f Islamic culture and tradition from the influence of the West, globalization's trade can also lead to the strengthening of the ties of different nations in the Islamic world

Mate choice & plumage polymorphism in the feral pigeon (Columba livia) Essay

Mate choice & plumage polymorphism in the feral pigeon (Columba livia) - Essay Example Assortative mating is a process where two similar or dissimilar individuals mate where as Disassortative mating involves choosing of a partner for progeny benefits from the range of the parental genotypes. Aim of this paper is to evaluate the association of plumage polymorphism and mate choice in feral pigeons using Chi-square test. In particular, this paper analyzes the plumage colour preference as either dependent or independent in the mating process of the male and female feral pigeons. If the pigeons choose their partner in harmony with plumage colour then it is defined as dependent pairing and if they choose their partner without considering colour then it is independent pairing with respect to plumage colours. The purpose of the study is to understand feral pigeon’s plumage based mating increases the reproductive output and extend their lifespan which are also based on environmental conditions. The colour categories used for this study are melanic, blue-grey and other colours including pale/brown pigeons. â€Å"The other colours noted in feral pigeons are faded, pale, reduced, opal, indigo, milky, pearl eye and more.† (Miller 1997). The research on feral pigeons plumage based mating is carried as described in academic handbook using Chi-square test of independence. Chi-square test of independence tests the association between two definite variables. Colour of males’ plumage and colours of females’ plumage are the variables used in this test. The result (χ2) is then looked up on a Chi-square (χ2) table with a number of degrees of freedom (df). â€Å"We determine df for the Test of Independence by the formula df = (r-1)(c-1), where r = the number of rows and c = the number of columns.† (Yount 2006, p.6). â€Å"Chi-squared distribution table.† (The chi-squared distribution table, n.d.). ‘Expected Value’ Calculation: Using the ratios (relative frequencies) of three colour morphs in observed population, the expected values

Independent Film Analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Independent Film Analysis - Movie Review Example This film veers away from the Hollywood norm in several ways, first with the dark, fast-paced cinematography, second with graphic use of violence and language in the story telling (McCarthy). The film explores the darkest reaches of human nature and how one radical event can change all facets of the relationship between men. In the first scene of the film, all of the participants in the heist are seated amicably around the Formica table of a small diner having a discussion about the meaning behind Madonna's "Like a Virgin". The film quickly segways from that to Mr. Orange and Mr. White driving to the team's appointed meeting place, an abandoned warehouse. It's now after the botched robbery and Mr. Orange is shot in the stomach, dying (Tarantino, Reservoir Dogs: Final Script). The warehouse gives the film a dark isolated, almost claustrophobic feeling, despite its large size and vacant interior (McCarthy). The claustrophobia of the place lends more to the mounting paranoia between the characters. The paranoia concerns who in the core group to trust and who not to trust in the search for the person who ratted the thieves out to the LAPD. The solitude of the warehouse, its isolation from the world outside isn't broken until the final shootout, when everyone is dead except Mr. White and Mr. Orange and the p olice finally arrive. The world inside the warehouse has its own rules, the consequences of breaking the laws of the outside world nothing more than passing thoughts. Here, there is no real fear of the actions taking place inside incurring the attention of the police until the very last moments of the film. Team members are shot, a policeman is tortured, and various loud arguments take place with seemingly no regard from the outside world. Throughout the film the audience is aware of the nearby police reinforcements ready to storm the warehouse when their target arrives. Even though you're aware that they're out there watching, when the characters are inside the warehouse, eliminating each other, the police still feel very far away. The relationships between the characters are very interesting without being overbearingly complex. Mr. Pink is the catalyst for the continuation of the action. He's nervous, paranoid, and very focused on remaining "professional" throughout the entire ordeal (Huntley). He is the first to arrive at the warehouse after Mr. White and the mortally wounded Mr. Orange and brings with him the idea of a rat among the group of thieves. His paranoia spreads to the rest of the group as the remaining members slowly filter in following the botched heist. In addition to infusing the group with his paranoia, he also serves to diffuse several potentially violent situations, specifically between Mr. White and Mr. Blonde who both prefer to solve their issues with their guns (Huntley). The opposing sides of his character bring an increasing amount of tension to the film as Mr. Pink interacts with the other characters. Mr. Blonde is somewhat of an enigma. Throughout the film's progression he is characterized as a psychopath by Mr. Pink and Mr. White. He demonstrates these tendencies as he kidnaps a police officer and then tortures him needlessly. The torture of the officer is one of the most brutal scenes in the film and it is also one of the elements that set this film

The Forbidden City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Forbidden City - Essay Example A city, which is now Beijing, was a significant commercial center in the beginning of the ninth century BC. It became the administrative core of the principality of the Yan and eventually became the capital of Liao and later on the Jin. The northern tribe, the Tartars, constructed a city near this site in the tenth century.ii When the Venetian explorer Marco Polo visited the location, he illustrated it as the city of Khan, with fortified roofs highlighting the green flora of mulberry trees. Modern Beijing is roughly five centuries old, with several of its prominent edifices entirely restored. When Yung-lo instituted Beijing as his Chinese capital in the early fifteenth century, he commissioned roughly 200,000 laborers to construct the imperial city. Hsu Tai, Feng Chiao and Yuan An, his three engineers, were provided with the direction to build a massive, affluent and mystifying palace to function as the metropolis of the Emperor to the rest of the world. The role of the Emperor was a difficult one. Auditoriums were required for receiving delegations, along with places of worship for sacramental cleansing and processional paths. He as well demanded expansive domestic residences with backyards for himself and his loved ones in addition to administrative housing.iii The Forbidden City was entangled in ceremonial and spiritual notions. Legend tells that the core structure of the City was envisioned in a reverie by the mentor of Yung-lo, a futurist monk. He envisioned a celestial city, wherein the Lord of Heaven dwelled in a purple enclosed space, which is assumed to be a constellation shaped by 15 heavenly bodies revolving around the polestar.iv As Chinese cosmology believes, purple was an embodiment of bliss and happiness and as well as that of the polestar. Hence, the Emperor proclaimed himself as the Son of Heaven, with the divine obligation

Sustainability Assessment of Building Projects Literature review

Sustainability Assessment of Building Projects - Literature review Example European Union has recently developed a number of harmonized tools and standards for sustainable development in building projects namely the EN15643-3:2012, EN15643-3:2010 and prEN16309. However, a number of international methods are still being used by the individual states within the EU but in alignment with the current European Union directives. For example, one of the standards that are widely used in many EU member states at the moment is the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). The model has not only provided a comprehensive tool of assessing various sustainability issues but is also being used as a measure of the general performance of the building and construction projects in the country. Another important sustainability assessment model used in the European Union is the Leadership and Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) model. As one of the one of the most internationally recognized building and construction certification systems, the standard is increasingly being used in Ireland and many other European Union member states to provide third party verification for building projects with regard to different sustainability aspects such as energy savings, carbon emissions, water efficiency indoor environment quality as well as resource usage. Finally, the other models such as the German model known as the DGNB, has also been recently adopted by a number of European Union member States. Existing International and European Assessment Models

Unit 2 Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 2 Scenario - Essay Example Preferring organic, natural and health foods, Gordon Gourmand however can cater to my choices. Having these options, 3 bags of groceries at a cost of $120 will be bought from Gordon Gourmand. The remaining amount from the budget will be spent in Northern Lake Foodstore and will be more than enough for the same number of bags of groceries costing $75. $5 dollars worth of groceries can also buy a considerable number of goods from the same store. Supposing, my income increases by 20 percent hereby raising my budget for groceries to $250. This change in income will also bring changes in the budget line for groceries. Having more money to cater to my preference of products, instead of just three bags, more groceries, probably 3 bags more will added to the groceries from Gordon Gourmand. These additional bags from the Gordon Gourmand will mean fewer groceries from the other store. My favored groceries from Gordon Gourmand therefore are normal goods. These are basis commodities which are necessary as required by my lifestyle. As the income increases, it is but natural to buy more of such products instead of alternative goods, those from Northern Lake Foodstore. If the price of a bag of groceries at Northern Lake Foodstore decreased to $20 per bag, and assuming that my income did not increase, the bulk of my groceries will be coming from the store. This price change however will not affect my budget line for groceries and surely it does not affect my previous choice of groceries. The 3 bags of preferred groceries will still be from Gordon Gourmand. However since the price of the commodities from Northern Lake Foodstore decreased, instead of just 3 bags of alternative goods, about one more bag of groceries will be bought at the store. Looking at the increase in the number of bags purchased due to the decrease in price, the demand is price elastic. The price

12 Month Football Training Program Essay Example for Free

12 Month Football Training Program Essay The 12-Month Football Training Program A complete football training program takes just a little planning. But the benefits are well worth the effort Football players are amongst some of the finest athletes in the world and thats a testament to their gruelling regime. If you want to perform at YOUR best whatever level that might be you can learn a lot from the way the pros train. First and foremost though, a football training program has to meet your own specific needs Training time for most players is limited. You might not have the resources (or the inclination) to train 6 days a week. And you dont have to. Your only goal should be to maximise the time you DO have at your disposal. Do that and you cannot fail to improve. Any effective training regime should be built on the back of a solid fitness assessment. And it becomes exceptionally important in sports conditioning Without objective testing you simply cannot know how effective your time and energy has been. And if youre shooting in the dark, theres no way to tweak and adjust sessions to get where you want to be. Visit the fitness testing section of the site. Youll find all kinds of tests you can perform with little or no special equipment. Spend one afternoon developing a profile of your athletic abilities and record the results. As a football player youll want focus on tests that measure strength, power and speed. For example †¢One repetition max bench press and leg press †¢30 meter sprint †¢30 meter sprint fatigue †¢Standing vertical jump †¢Standing broad jump †¢Sit and reach test Split Your Football Training Program Into 3 Phases A football training program lasts 12 months even if the competitive in-season only spans from September to December. And that applies to any football player at any level Even if you only have a couple of days a week spare for football conditioning, you should still adapt and vary those sessions over the course of a year. For the more ambitious players, this system of periodization is the ONLY way you can incorporate all the necessary elements of training without overtraining. Here are the three phases or periods of a football training program.. †¢Pre-season phase 7 months †¢In-season phase 4 months †¢Transition phase 1-2 months Wow over half a year to prepare! Thats because it takes time to develop peak strength and power. Lets have a look at each phase in more detail Individual exercises and sessions are covered in separate articles. This is how everything fits together into one, complete football training program. Pre-Season Phase of Football Training The pre-season or off-season is by far the largest phase of the annual plan. The goal is to develop optimum strength and power so that it peaks just prior to the start of the in-season. Because this phase is so long you need to break into smaller cycles often referred to as macrocycles Each macrocycle might last between 3 and 6 weeks (for the sake of ease well assume that each cycle lasts for a calendar month). The training objectives and methods vary within each cycle and theres an important reason for this Firstly, adjusting intensity and volume helps to avoid overtraining and burnout. Secondly, certain aspects of fitness are built on the back of others. Explosive power conditioning for example follows maximal strength training, which in turn follows functional strength training. Strength Power Conditioning? During the transition period (see below) its sensible to layoff strength training all together, at least for a few weeks. You should also consider a functional strength program designed to correct any imbalances that occur as a result of a strenuous football training program. This functional strength program will likely spill into very early pre-season and its designed to prepare your body for subsequently more demanding sessions. Football players are one of the few groups of athletes that can benefit from a hypertrophy program. This type of weight training is designed to increase muscle mass. But contrary to popular belief larger muscles are not necessarily stronger muscles As such hypertrophy training in football should make up only a portion of the strength training program. Maximal strength training is an important element also and leads to significantly different adaptations than bodybuilding. Linemen may want to place more emphasis on the hypertrophy phase than other players. As an example, they could split their preseason into just 4 phases -? unctional/hypertrophy/maximal strength/power. Finally, following the development of muscle mass and maximal strength, conversion to sport-specific power is crucial It is power (and not maximal strength) that is most beneficial to football players. The cycle just prior to the season start should focus on developing peak power. Speed Agility Training? In the early pre-season speed and agility work is optional and should be low in intesnity. Too much running and i nterval training can detract from the development of muscles mass and maximal strength. Some light aerobic training may feature but more as a form of active recovery than intense endurance sessions. As the pre-season progresses more emphasis can be placed on speed and agility and intense interval training. If you take the time to plan your football training program in advance, quickness and agility should hit a peak just as the season begins. Flexibility Training? Dont neglect your flexibility. Your degree of range of movement impacts on your speed, agility and to some extent your power. It will also help to prevent injuries resulting from over stretching. While too much flexibility is not beneficial either, most football players are a long way from being overly supple. Spend at least 3 days a week stretching this is on top of stretching exercises performed as part of the warm up. In-Season Phase of Football Training Compared to the substantial pre-season preparation phase this should be a walk in the park! The objective is to maintain all the gains resulting from your hard work over the previous 6 months or so. Competitive games take priority. All of your conditioning work should be based around when you play. Its important to either rest or perform lower intensity drills the day before a game. Youll also have to co-ordinate your strength sessions so that you recover fully in time. Fortunately, to maintain your new levels of strength and power takes a lot less time in the weight room. You can afford to reduce your number of strength sessions and the volume of sets and repetitions. But dont skip weight training all together. Transition Phase of Football Training The transition phase is as important as any other in the 12 month football training program. It may only last 4-6 weeks but what you choose to do over that period of time can dictate how your entire season plays out. If you dont take the time to rest physically AND mentally you WILL burnout eventually. Even if you feel fresh at the end of hard season take time out. Try another sport tennis is a favourite, or any racket sport. Just avoid weight training and pounding the roads. The only caveat is that you do something physically active If you do absolutely nothing it will be that much harder to return to training. It takes only 4-5 weeks of complete sedentary living to loose most of whats taken you the best part of year to build up. The Perfect Plan Putting it All Together Have a good look at the chart below Notice how the amount and intensity of running drills varies depending on the strength phase? Too much intense interval training alongside strenuous hypertrophy training can leave you physically exhausted. Notice also how the volume of speed and agility work increases alongside power conditioning. This makes sense as it compliments the objectives of the phase. The intensity row is a rough guideline for overall training intensity. Often that can be a subjective measure so pay close attention to how you feel. More football training programs and articles will be added on a regular basis. But this is the place where they all fit together into one cohesive, highly effective plan. Yes, it does take a little planning to bring everything together. And no doubt that plan will (and should) change as you progress. But the changes youll see in your performance are worth every minute!